Economy Exam Questions Essay

1. The Prisoner’s Dilemma involves two spies who are held in separate soundproof rooms. But even if the two spies could communicate, what makes it difficult for them to achieve the cooperative solution (both not confessing)? 2. A key to analyzing subgame perfect equilibrium strategy in sequential games is 3. In making promises that are not guaranteed by third parties and in imposing penalties that are not enforced by third parties, all of the following are credibility-enhancing mechanisms except 4. The starting point of many methods for predicting equilibrium strategy in sequential games is 5. Credible promises and hostage mechanisms can support a continuous stream of cooperative exchanges except when 6. Firms that have a cover charge for their customers and charge for each item they purchase as well are exhibiting 7. Third-degree price discrimination exists whenever 8. To maximize profits, a monopolist that engages in price discrimination must allocate output in such a way as to make identical the ____ in all markets. 9. Vacation tours to Europe invariably package visits to disparate regions: cities, mountains, and the seaside. Bundling, a type of second degree price discrimination, is most profitable when 10. ____ is a new product pricing strategy which results in a high initial product price. This price is reduced over time as demand at the higher price is satisfied 11. Contracts are distinguished from tactical alliances by which of the following characteristics: 12. When someone contracts to do a task but fails to put full effort into the performance of an agreement, yet the lack of effort is not independently verifiable, this lack of effort constitutes a 13. When borrowers who do not intend to repay are able to hide their bad credit histories, a lender’s well-intentioned borrowers should 14. To accomplish its purpose a linear profit-sharing contract must 15. When retail bicycle dealers advertise and perform warranty repairs but do not deliver the personal selling message that Schwinn has designed as part of the marketing plan but cannot observe at less than prohibitive cost, the manufacturer has encountered a problem of ____. 16. The lower the barriers to entry and exit, the more nearly a market structure fits the ____ market model. 17. ____ yields the same results as the theory of perfect competition, but requires substantially fewer assumptions than the perfectly competitive model 18. ____ occurs whenever a third party receives or bears costs arising from an economic transaction in which the individual (or group) is not a direct participant. 19. The antitrust laws regulate all of the following business decisions except ____. 20. The sentiment for increased deregulation in the late 1970’s and early  1980’s has been felt most significantly in the price regulation of 21. The ____ depicts the risk-return relationship in the market for all securities: 22. If the acceptance of Project A makes it impossible to accept Project B, these projects are: 23. Capital expenditures: 24. The decision by the Municipal Transit Authority to either refurbish existing buses, buy new large buses, or to supplement the existing fleet with mini-buses is an example of: 25. Which of the following items is (are) not considered as part of the net investment calculation? 1. In the linear breakeven model, the difference between selling price per unit and variable cost per unit is referred to as: 2. Evidence from empirical studies of long-run cost-output relationships lends support to the: 3. Theoretically, in a long-run cost function: 4. In a study of banking by asset size over time, we can find which asset sizes are tending to become more prominent. The size that is becoming more predominant is presumed to be least cost. This is called: 5. A ____ total cost function implies that marginal costs ____ as output is increased. 6. In the linear breakeven model, the breakeven sales volume (in dollars) can be found by multiplying the breakeven sales volume (in units) by: 7. Long distance telephone service has become a competitive market. The average cost per call is $0.05 a minute, and it’s declining. The likely reason for the declining price for long distance service is: 8. All of the following are mechanisms which reduce the adverse selection problem except ____. 9. In the long-run, firms in a monopolistically competitive industry will 10. An â€Å"experience good† is one that: 11. The price for used cars is well below the price of new cars of the same general quality. This is an example of: 12. In the short-run for a purely competitive market, a manufacturer will stop production when: 13. Experience goods are products or services 14. Declining cost industries 15. In natural monopoly, AC continuously declines due to economies in distribution or in production, which tends to found in industries which face increasing returns to scale. If price were set equal to marginal cost, then: 16. When the cross elasticity of demand between one product and all other products is low, one is generally referring to a(n) ____ situation. 17. Regulatory agencies engage in all of the following activities except _______. 18. ____ as practiced by public utilities is designed to encourage greater usage and therefore spread the fixed costs of the utility’s plant over a larger number of units of output. 19. The practice by telephone companies of charging lower long-distance rates at night than during the day is an example of: 20. Some industries that have rigid prices. In those industries, we tend to 21. The existence of a kinked demand curve under oligopoly conditions may result in 22. Barometric price leadership exists when 23. A cartel is a situation where firms in the industry 24. Even ideal cartels tend to be unstable because 25. Some market conditions make cartels MORE likely to succeed in collusion. Which of the following will make collusion more successful?

American Indian Stories: Native Americans Essay

In American Indian Stories, University of Nebraska Press Lincoln and London edition, the author, Zitkala-Sa, tries to tell stories that depicted life growing up on a reservation. Her stories showed how Native Americans reacted to the white man’s ways of running the land and changing the life of Indians. â€Å"Zitkala-Sa was one of the early Indian writers to record tribal legends and tales from oral tradition† (back cover) is a great way to show that the author’s stories were based upon actual events in her life as a Dakota Sioux Indian. This essay will describe and analyze Native American life as described by Zitkala-Sa’s American Indian Stories, it will relate to Native Americans and their interactions with American societies, it will discuss the major themes of the book and why the author wrote it, it will describe Native American society, its values and its beliefs and how they changed and it will show how Native Americans views other non-Natives. Before the introduction of the â€Å"pale face† Native Americans lived a calm and serene life. They lived in big communities and help one another in order to survive. They had a form of religion, poly-theistic, that would be their main form of salvation. They had chiefs and warriors. They had teepees that would allow them to quickly pack up and move. The Native Americans were a nomadic, primitive people that did not live up to the whiter man’s view of â€Å"civilization†. However, the white man, pale face, felt the need to change the Native Americans barbaric ways of life. The Americans were smart in their efforts in trying to convert the Indians. They would go after the kids because they were still young and gullible. â€Å"Yes, my child, several others besides Judewin are going away with the palefaces. Your brother said the missionaries had inquired about his little sister†¦ â€Å"Did he tell them to take me, mother† (40). The children were impressionable. In this first story, the daughter gets hooked on going with the missionaries because they said they had apple trees and being that she has never seen an apple tree, she begged her mother to go not knowing that her mother did not want to send her away. Some Indians enjoyed leaving with the Americans; others did not because of what the Americans had done to the Indians. The mother in this story had told her daughter stories of what the paleface had done and how they had killed most of her family. â€Å"There is what the paleface has done! Since then your father too has been buried in a hill nearer the rising sun. We where once very happy. But the paleface has stolen our lands and driven us hither. Having defrauded us of our land, the paleface forced us away† (10). Having knowing this, the little girl still persisted and wanted to go with the paleface. Many of the Indians that left with the missionaries were gone for many years and did not know how much had changed back at home. In the story The Soft-Hearted Sioux a young man comes back home after receiving an education from the missionaries. He had left before he was taught how to survive out in the wild. He came back to dying and starving parents. He was brainwashed by the missionaries because he went against his family’s customs and told the medicine man never to come back and that God will save his father. He started preaching God’s words to his people and they left the community. His father was growing sicker and sicker and he needed food. His son went out everyday trying to get something but had no skills in hunting. His father had told him to go two hills over and he could find meat. With no concept of ownership, the son went and killed a cow that belonged to an American. Upon leaving with the meat he was chased down and attacked by the â€Å"owner† of the cattle. The son accidentally killed the man and fled back to his father’s teepee only to realize that he was too late and that his father had died. He was so conditioned by the white man that he had forgotten his ancestors’ ways of survival. The book suggests that Native Americans were not savages and that they had a normal lifestyle before the Americans came in and changed everything. Their society was based upon helping one another out. It was also based upon mobility. They would have to make homes in such a way that they could just pack up and leave whenever they needed to. The Native Americans had a values based on nature, life and death. The believed that you must respect nature, respect the living and put a special emphasis on the dead. In The Dead Man’s Plum Bush the little girl walked by a plum bush that had just blossomed out beautiful plums. When the girl had reached to grab one of the plums her mother had told her not to and explained that â€Å"the roots are wrapped around an Indian’s skeleton. A brave is buried here. While he lived he was so fond of playing the game of striped plum seeds that, at his death, his set of plum seeds were buried in his hands. From them sprang up this little bush† (32). The fact that the bush was there because of a man’s fascination with plum seeds and that no one can enjoy its fruits shows how much respect for the dead is played through the Native Americans’ beliefs. Zitkala-Sa’s main motives for writing this book was to show â€Å"one of the first attempts by a native American woman to write her own story† (back cover). Another main motive was to inform people of the way that the Americans came and took over the Indians’ land and people; the land was taken by force and the people by bribing little kids. The main theme for the book was to show how the Indians felt about the Americans. Going by the book, there is no set way of showing how many people liked or disliked the Americans. However, it is noticeable that the parents clearly did not like the Americans because they knew what the Americans had done to them in the past and what they are doing to them presently. They knew that the Americans came in and killed their ancestors and forced others to leave their lands. They knew that they were taking their children away and brainwashing them into thinking that their families were savages and that the Americans had more to offer them. They knew that the Americans were making their kids forget about their ways of living and their beliefs. The children, however, saw the Americans invitation as a way to better themselves and their families. The children would happily go away with the American strangers thinking that everything would be better for them. Zitkala-Sa tried to show how her people were treated by Americans in her book American Indian Stories. She showed how the Indians life was before the Americans and how it had changed after the introduction of the Americans. She proved that not all of the Indians liked the white people. She proved that most of the children that left did not remember their family’s way of life. She proved that when the Americans came they not only took the Indians’ land, they also took their people. Works Cited Zitkala-Sa. American Indian Stories. University Of Nebraska Press. Lincoln and Lo.

Modern leaders still use Machiavelli's The Prince approach to, Essay

Modern leaders still use Machiavelli's The Prince approach to, politics - Essay Example This classic of political science has retained its relevance down the five centuries it has survived to come down to us, and leaders of various reputes have been acquainted with it, and consciously or sub-consciously followed its principles. Modern leadership in the twentieth and twenty-first century are no exception, and examples of Machiavellian wisdom abound from Stalin and Hitler, to Ronald Reagan, Nixon and George Bush. One of the most striking pronouncements that Machiavelli made was absolutely revolutionary in terms of accepting facts as they are, and not what they ought to be or portrayed to be in traditional political philosophies. He claims to talk about what really goes on behind the corridors of power and what a political aspirant should basically learn in order to get to the top: Because how one ought to live is so far removed from how one lives that he who lets go of what is done for that which one ought to do sooner learns ruin than his own preservation: because a man who might want to make a show of goodness in all things necessarily comes to ruin among so many who are not good. Because of this it is necessary for a prince, wanting to maintain himself, to learn how to be able to be not good and to use this and not use it according to necessity.( Machiavelli, 1513) Joseph Stalin, a totalitarian leader was a self-confessed admirer of Machiavelli, and sought to maintain his supremacy through being "not good". He validated torture and oppression by plainly declaring that anyone who did not agree with him was in fact and "enemy of the state" and deserved to be punished as such: Stalin originated the concept "enemy of the people." This term automatically rendered it unnecessary that the ideological errors of a man or men engaged in a controversy be proven; this term made possible the usage of the most cruel repression, violating all norms of revolutionary legality, against anyone who in any way disagreed with Stalin, against those who were only suspected of hostile intent, against those who had bad reputations. ( Russian Institute-orgname, 1956) But on the other hand, Stalin brilliantly followed the other machiavellian concept of appearing to be very good, where Machiavelli strictly instructs a political aspirant to always appear totally benevolent, "A prince, therefore, must be very careful never to let anything slip from his lips which is not full of the five qualities mentioned above: he should appear, upon seeing and hearing him, to be all mercy, all faithfulness, all integrity, all kindness, all religion". Stalin really took care to create a myth around himself about being a caring humanitarian gentleman, despite actually being a merciless and manipulative despot: As brutal despots have learned throughout the centuries, and as Machiavelli counseled, Stalin could show himself to be a caring, even benevolent father figure. .....Even today, among some older Russians a strong nostalgia persists for "Uncle Joseph," a kindly, all-seeing, and all-caring man who never really existed but lives on that way in the myths that still surround him. (Dvoretsky, Fugate, 1997) Another devotee of Machiavelli was the infamous Hitler, the scourge of our modern times who deceived the Germans into believing their superiority as the

Speech Final about our last group project Essay

Speech Final about our last group project - Essay Example With the ever increasing multicultural diversification of the society these dynamics are therefore predicted to remain as a major concern for group workers like us volunteers. Team dynamics is determined by factors like, environment of the team, time, and composition of the team. The group dynamics can be categorized into five main domains: (1) patterns of interaction and communication processes, (2) cohesion and attraction that arises interpersonal, (3) influence and integrating socially, (4) control and wiled of power, (5) and the overall culture of the group. Comprehension of group dynamics is critical for effective practice with individuals together with the community in this case the school community. Therefore by ignoring the therapeutic power of dynamics of the group greatly reduces the ability of a worker like a volunteer to aid the members to attain their goals. This is very vital for any successful participation in volunteer work because it forms a benchmark for good workmanship. According to Engleberg & Wynn (p.245) argue that lack of training or wrong composition of the team will result in critical skill gaps that will most of the time lead to the decrease in the overall performance of the team. Moreover, the size of the team will influence the outcomes of the groups. By studying the relationship between the size of the group and group outcome in work places a negative relationship between the quality of the relationship among team members, size of the work group and organization was found. The processes of communication and patterns of interaction are paramount in group dynamics. These are very important components of social interaction that are an influence to the behavior and attitude of members of the group. The face to face group members have an experience of both verbal and non-verbal types of communication. Leaders who are effective in their work are to ensure that they listen attentively to the meaning

Business Scenario Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Scenario - Statistics Project Example The objective of this report is to present rationale and cost-benefit analysis of proposed project for potential creditors and enable the owners of the firm to get loan to fund this project. The report is structured in several key parts. The first section provides a brief overview of the business followed with an overview of the business. The next section introduces business analysis, whereas there are identified major business functions and current problems. Furthermore, the report presents an overview of team management approach and analysis of the main business processes within an organisation. There are defined the types of new ICT and projected key improvements in business processes. The next section is devoted to customer relationship database design, followed by project plan and budget sections. Last section is concluding part of the report. The company operates in tourism industry acting as a travel agent. The company acts as an intermediary between suppliers of various services such as airlines, hotels, package tours, etc. and final consumers. The company has developed a great customer database as it usually ensures high quality of service and has a good understanding of customers’ needs. Moreover, the company has well-established positive reputation among both suppliers/partners and customers, which serves a good basis for sustainable business. However, with the development of IT, more consumers are empowered to book their tours and to buy airline tickets directly without involvement of tour agents. Firm’s suppliers also have switched already to new forms of communication and business interactions. Currently the company operates four locations in the same city, but the management has a strategic plan to expand business adding 10 new locations across other cities in the next 5 years. In order to stay in business and achieve business expansion plans, it is important to adopt new technology and integrate it

Post-conviction remedies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Post-conviction remedies - Essay Example common post conviction appeals include: appeal to State appellate Court which contends that trial judge made some legal error, State Supreme Court appeal that requests that highest court in the state review and overturn the decision of the mid-level appeals court, U.S. Supreme Court appeal that makes a request to the highest court in the nation to intervene and correct an error on the part of the state courts that violated the U.S. Constitution, appeal of Federal Habeas Corpus Petition to Circuit Court which requests the mid-level federal court to review the federal trial courts decision denying the writ and lastly, appeal of Federal Habeas Corpus Petition to U.S. Supreme Court which requests the premier court in the land to examine the mid-level federal courts verdict denying the writ. On the other hand, Post conviction remedies include a variety of liberation sought by a convicted criminal to have his or her sentence vacated, set aside, or corrected because such a sentence was base d upon some defiance of the U.S. Constitution. Among the most common post-conviction remedies available are the writ of Habeas Corpus and the writ of Coram Nobis. However, Writ of Habeas Corpus is the mostly used. It involves issuing of a court order that orders a person or a government official who has prevented another to produce the prisoner at a designated time and place so that the court can determine the authenticity of charge and decide whether to demand the prisoners discharge. Development of writ of habeas corpus can be traced back in 1215 whereby the habeas corpus concept was first expressed in the Magna Charta at Runnymede on June 15, 1215. Among the liberties affirmed in the Magna Charta was that "No free man shall be detained, or jailed, or diseased, or forbidden, or exiled, or wounded in any way (Neubauer, 2004). The writ of habeas corpus was initially used by the common-law courts in thirteenth and fourteenth century in England. From the late fifteenth to the

Kinotrope Technology in The Difference Engine Essay

Kinotrope Technology in The Difference Engine - Essay Example Charles Babbage, now known as Lord Babbage, invention leads to Britain being ruled by intellectuals. The Lord Byron, once Charles’s assistant, goes on to become Britain’s prime minister (Gibson & Bruce 67). Furthermore, the invention of the Difference Engine causes class warfare between the old guard and the new guard. The new guard wins this war, led by Lord Byron who assumes power after this upheaval. The novel is not one continuous narrative about Babbage rather it is the amalgamation of three stories. The novel first introduces the reader to Sybil Gerard, the daughter of a Luddite. Luddites, in this book, are the working class that oppose technology and are suppressed by the rulers (Gibson & Bruce 83). Sybil is not successful in her search for gainful employment and resorts to prostitution to make ends meet. Later she becomes the apprentice of a clacker under Sam Houston in the state of Texas. The second character is Edward â€Å"Leviathan† Mallory who has several titles under his belt. He is an explorer and a palaeontologist. His story revolves around the fact that he is being chased for his knowledge of a device known as the Modus (Gibson & Bruce106). The last character in the book is Laurence Oliphant who elaborates the misgivings of this Information age. The book requires one to brush up on the history on Europe and America. The brushing up helps in reducing confusion during the book as it relays an alternate history with real life characters (Rapatzikou 47). Moreover, the writers display depth in information on the technological capabilities that would be realistic in that period. Majority of novels adopt a utopian perspective in describing technologies in their novels. The culture of this generation still possesses barbaric practices such as slavery and sexism remain in force despite the technological advancement of the era. Other areas such as medicine are left in medieval status (McHale, Brian & Randall

W7 OM Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W7 OM Discussion - Essay Example Lambert and Cooper (2000) identified several major components of SCM, including planning and control, work structure, organizational structure, management methods, product flow facility structure, and power and leadership structure. By implication, for effective SCM to be said to have taken place, supply chain managers must be in a position to adequately put management processes in all of these components together. It is for this reason that SCM has been considered to be a shared responsibility, involving the coordinated efforts of several departments and workforce within the organization (Meredith and Shafer, 2014). Once SCM is used, there are a number of benefits that the organization practicing can get. According to Mentzer, J.T. et al. (2001), SCM helps in ensuring efficiency by ensuring that supply chain managers are able to respond quickly to all issues and changes that take place within the supply chain. This way, chances of delays are well catered for. SCM has also been noted to have the advantage of ensuring information transparency due to its open ended approach and the fact that it functions on the shared responsibility

Sustainability and Strategy - HILTON HOTEL Essay

Sustainability and Strategy - HILTON HOTEL - Essay Example Hilton hotels across the globe are owned by or managed by individual operators and who are supervised by Hilton Worldwide. As of 1943, the Hilton hotels business chain became the United States’ first coast to coast hotel chain. Currently, there are more than 530 Hilton branded hotels operating worldwide in 78 countries, serving the interests of millions of people. As the company engages in large scale operations, it evidently produces huge volume of waste materials. The company’s waste dumping activities raise potential challenges to the environmental sustainability policies of the United Kingdom. This paper will conduct a PEST analysis on the waste issue of Hilton hotels; and it will critically evaluate how each PEST element relates to the successful management of the company. Pest analysis on the waste issue of Hilton Hotels Political factors The waste issue of Hilton Hotels in UK involves many political aspects. Evidently, the entire European Union maintains strict r egulations on waste disposal with intent to confront with the challenging environmental crises such as global warming and green house effect (United Nations Environment Programme, 2002, p.25). Recently, the UK government in particular has framed an array of environment sustainability policies so as to preserve the ecological balance. ... Hence, the government is less likely to adopt a liberal approach towards Hilton Hotels even though they evidently contribute to the GDP of the country. Since environmental sustainability constitutes the nation’s major vision for the next several decades, it may take some stringent actions against Hilton Hotels if they continue with the illegal practice. Economical factors While analysing the economic spectrum of UK, it is clear that the nation is ranked at sixth in terms of nominal GDP and seventh in terms of purchasing power parity. The UK provides high business freedom (94.6) and trade freedom (87.6) in order to foster mercantile activities in the country (The Heritage Foundation, 2011). Hence, the country neither intervenes in the business operations of a firm nor imposes much restriction on its operational privacy. To some extent, this favourable situation assists the Hilton Hotels to skip the current environmental policies of the country. Since effective waste management could significantly benefit the economic growth of the country, the Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) has formulated a number of waste reduction policies. During the last year, the Defra conducted a detailed Review of Waste Policies in the country so as to ensure that existing policies and regulations are adequate enough to meet the environmental sustainability needs of the country (DEFRA, 2011). As Wintour, Elliott and Mulholland (2008) point out, the UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown’s press releases reflect that the country still has a lot to achieve in ensuring effective waste disposal. Admittedly, the UK government does not foster business activities which may hurt the long term sustainability of the country. Hence obviously, the current economic policies of the

WADA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WADA - Essay Example However, the likelihood of doping is reduced by the World Anti-Doping Agency. This body was established in the year 1999 with the aim making sure that athletes compete in a sporting environment that is free from doping. It has come up with policies, standards and rules, frameworks, for anti-doping programs in sports. The agency also has a list of substances that are banned and methods which are prohibited in sports. The agency spends millions annually to catch dopes, even though; this amount is believed to be far from enough. WADA has influenced the world sport by making sure that there is fairness in sports. It advocates for tests to be carried out randomly during races and severely punishes the athletes who are caught doping. These tests reduce unethical practices in sports. Many professional sports leagues including Olympics follow WADA guidelines which encourages fairness, equity, â€Å"playing true†, and which define the rules in sports (Pedersen, 2011). Some elite athletes continue to dope in sports for the purpose of achieving the victory, when anti-doping organizations only expends little to catch dopes and some sports leagues even do not have an active control of

Prison Term Policy Recommendation Essay Example for Free

Prison Term Policy Recommendation Essay As a realistic matter, it is smart to sustain a bill that addresses a real concern, creates proper use of resources and effectively addresses the problem for which it was intended. It is known that victims of armed robberies want to see the offenders punished. It is noticeable that the public’s desire is to be safe and protected from being a victim of armed robbery. While on the other hand, the legislature must show caution in legislating across the board sentencing and defend discretion for the judicial system to consider the specific aspects that creates each case. â€Å"Yet advocates of deserved punishment argue that it is not automatically evident how intermediate sanctions compare with either prison or probation in terms of severity, nor is it clears how they compare with one another† (Clear, et. al., 2008). For example placing one offender on intensive probation while ordering another to pay a heavy fine may violate the equal punishment rationale of just deserts. Any recommendation should examine the proposed bill and the Criminal Justice System. Fairness is subjective; in spite of this every society will form a series of regulations through which to defend the individuals and society from damage. If an individual violates one of the regulations dictated by culture, there is usually a consensus of what constitutes a suitable punishment. In the United States, we depend on the Federal Sentencing Guidelines in addition to every states adoption of the Model Penal Code. Section 1.02(1) of the Model Penal Code instructions the allocation of punishment as to safeguard conduct that is without liability from condemnation as criminal (culpability), to provide fair caution of the nature of the conduct confirmed to represent an offense (legality) and to differentiate on logical basis between serious and minor  offenses (proportionality) (Model Penal Code, n.d.). Here we are referring to armed robbery. Considered a felony, armed robbery tends to take a large penalty in the majority states. Among the fundamentals measured in determining if a crime has been committed, one must address the diverse levels of culpability and/ or extenuating factors. Armed robbery can be a violent well designed crime otherwise a clumsy half-witted attempt. Eventually a result of guilt must be made, by a predominance of the proof, with competent lawful protection representation offered to the accused. Only after all these necessities are met can a judge proceed with sentencing. These judges must have discretion in considering the above three aspects and weight them accordingly in order to distribute a sentence that is fair and balanced. While the community may desire a representative to be challenging on crime, the community tends to be sympathetic to media stories of criminals who act out of distraction or need. There has been strong resistance to suggestions that delay individual considerations. Beyond the instant punitive effect, punishment can serve the need of removing dangerous people from the society, serve as deterrence to those inclined to commit a crime and potentially reform criminals into law abiding citizens. These societies have also recognized that in order for any corrective act to have its preferred effect it has to fit the crime. Take for instance the cutting off of a hand for someone caught stealing. Most western societies would regard this punishment as too severe and those societies that adopted this practice have come under scrutiny for these practices. Armed robbery has no doubt been addressed within these judicial systems. Sentencing guidelines should always represent fairness in reliability and proportionality. Also consideration needs to be taken into account as to why new policy efforts are being made for this particular crime. Is there a belief that the accessible laws have displayed omissions or errors that must be addressed? Has there been a failure of the justice system in punishment of armed robberies? Are convicted armed robbers being released from prison too early? Do they cultivate to be repeat offenders? Do these crimes tend to rise into murder or other violent felonies? Are there precise instances where the existing laws have failed to serve justice? To decide the practicability of the bill, the discussion of correctional assets would be applicable. The result of this bill regarding  maximum sentencing (as opposed to mandatory minimum sentencing) doubles the correction time for the person who is convicted in the armed robbery. In each specific case, to evaluate suitable sentence and to weigh the severity of the crime, the bills full force is to provide more choices to judges and the sentencing board. This bill may not help enforcing the provisions but may supply more choices for the severe cases which deserve more severe punishment. References Clear, T.; Reisig, M.; Cole, G. (2008), American Corrections. Retrieved from Google Books. Model Penal Code. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www1.law.umkc.edu/suni/crimlaw/mpc_provisions/mpc1021.htm

Essay on Renting Hearts Essay Example for Free

Essay on Renting Hearts Essay Science fiction is a genre, whose stories take place in an imaginary environment where science, and in particular the technological development has undergone more or less significant changes with effect on both society and individuals. Science fiction is based on more or less imaginative themes of science results and ways of looking. The topics are often about high tech future societies, space travels, time travels, creatures, end of world, different universes etc. [1] The short story takes place in the future where the technology has taken over, and where people can buy their happiness for money, and that human now just can go to a rental shop and get a new heart in order to avoid pain When you fall in love, often you will get or end up with a broken heart. It happens for almost every one, who gets in relations with other people. But in this short story, you can get out and rent a new heart, and meet other relations without having any fear of getting hurt. The short story is about a person that has been in love with a lot of people, and then tries to not getting hurt. When he/she is getting hurt by the relations she/he goes through, he/she keeps going to the â€Å"rental place†, every time he/she falls in love, so instead of dealing with some of the pain and letting it get worse, he/she just visit the rental place and rent a new heart. There is no information or any descriptions about the main characters sex, but I would say that it is a teenage boy because he does not appear to be dramatically, and does not describe the actions detailed, as a girl would do generally. The main character is a teenager, since a typical teenager would say â€Å"And our love was going to last forever, which at our age meant six months. † It starts with his first love with Jacob, where he was very much in love with him, and they were happy for each other. â€Å"†¦ first heart. Jacob was as solid and golden as a tilled field, and our love was going to last forever, which at our age meant six months. Every time Jacob touched me, I felt my heart thud wetly against my lungs. But in the last, Jacob left him which broke his heart. . A year later he meets Anna, who is a girl. She tells him to go and rent a heart so he may be able to fall in love, because he is afraid to fall in love, since his heart has been broken before. Renting hearts made him not to feel any pain again, because of this opportunity to rent a heart. Teenagers are often confused, and a lot of things don’t make sense, especially love and relations. They fall in love quickly, and as they fall in love, they can easily fall off again. Throughout the short story, he meets both men and women, which says that he is bisexual. It may also be quite normal in this society, in the future, where you in fact can simply buy a new heart, where it is possible to try anything without noticing any consequences, otherwise it may be because he is confused about his own sex and therefore he is trying to figure out his relations to both men and women. The main character seems to have it difficult to find a balance in his life, because he cannot live without being with a regular partner, or without having someone who loves him. He cannot even manage to break up with a partner, and naturally calm down, and it is pretty hard for him, where he will feel sorrow for a long time, which he cannot stand, and therefor has to switch his mechanic heart, to get in better conditions and save himself from the pain. Another problem with the main character is that he cannot incorporate his feelings, especially with regards to be an open person towards his relations properly. He fall in love, without looking for his partners criteria, and even don’t find out if the partner matches his expectations, but will instead end up in relation without any feelings and without any fear of falling in love and get hurt. I don’t think that he lives under a safe environment with values such as family, friends or work, or a stable structure. That is what I assume. He is actually locking himself out of the truth, and he knows that his actions are wrong, so he make himself renting hearts as a facade but is still feeling bad about his life because everyone who rent a heart will realize that pain isn’t just in the heart, but also in the mind, and it cannot be obviated.

Effects of the Financial Crash on Australias Economy

Effects of the Financial Crash on Australias Economy Executive Summary: This is a report of current Australian economic situation, and a forecast of Reserve Bank of Australia’s cash rate movements in 2015. This report will help the board and management to formulate budget and set goals for the upcoming years. The report will look into and analyse in details all economic indicators and other internal non-numeric based factors such as geographical advantages, politics, policies, regulations as well as external factors such as world economy, politics and laws of major trade partners, international exchange rates, etc. that directly and indirectly impact the economy. The report will show how simple forecasting of cash rate movement is a complex process, as it is directly related to Reserve Bank of Australia’s fiscal and monetary policy. Introduction: Former Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd once described â€Å"Australia to be a nation whose origins lie firmly in the west, but whose geo-political and geo-economic circumstances are shaped in large part by our location in the east, this is the inescapable expression of the Australian condition. (Economy Watch, 2010)† And he was right because where in the early 19th century Australia’s major trade partner was the Western world, along with time it shifted to the eastern side, and Asia became the primary focus of Australia’s economic policy. And understanding this is crucial to all large, medium, and small business in Australia, for budget forecasting, and goal setting, and this is true for every sector from hospitality and tourism, to mining and banking sectors. We will now look into current Australian economic situation and will conclude with a forecast of Cash Rate Movement. Body: The Australian Business Review published a report by Steen Jakobsen, Saxo Bank chief economist on 14th of November 2014 (AAP, 2014). In his report Mr.Jakobsen said Australian Economy will face recession in 2015, he also pointed out that ASX is dominated by mining companies and financial institution, and that the country should focus on technology sector, and small and medium size enterprises. Like many in past, the economist supported the idea that education and research should be the back bone of an economy. Understanding Australian Economy: The table below will show a summary of Australian Economy as at Demeter 2014 (Trading Economics, 2014). From the table we can see that Mr. Jakobsen’s reasons for such declaration. The Australian currency rate is still higher than sustainable, the stock market is down, high unemployment rate, lower consumer spending, budget deficit, everything contributed to it, and even an all-time low cash rate failed to attract more investments, for which probably high Australian labour cost may be liable. Australia | Economic Indicators The chart below will help us understand the current Australian economy from the viewpoint of the federal government. Where it shows how the western part of the country is based on mining industry where the eastern part especially New South Wales and Victoria are manufacturing, finance, and service based. The contrast between these two regions has often led to disagreements within the Australian government over developmental plans. Australian GDP is still dominated by service and financial industries, although they are struggling a lot after 2008 global financial crisis. On the other hand Western Australia is and its mining industry is enjoying a boom, even though some economist argue that resource based industry is highly depended on exports to China, and if the world economy is not doing well, then it will hurt the Chinese economy, and find its way to Australia (Economy Watch, 2010). Unemployment rate: From the graph released by trading economics using the data realised by Australian Bureau of Statistics, we can clearly see that in last four years (January 2011 to November 2014) the unemployment rate only went high and is now sitting at 6.30 % which is the highest in 11 years, the month of December 2014 should have a similar rate too. The ABS reported the number of people employed increased by 42,700 to 11,637,400 in November 2014 (seasonally adjusted). The increase in employment was driven by increased part-time employment for females (up 36,400) and full-time employment for males (up 23,300) offset by a fall in female full-time employment (down 21,400). Total full-time employment increased, up 1,800 (Trading Economics, 2014). Cash rate, Inflation, and exchange rate: On 2nd of Demeter 2014, the Reserve Bank of Australia decided to leave cash rate unchanged at 2.5%, even though American and Chinese is showing some sign of strength, Euro Zone, and Japan both seen weakness recently, some key commodity prices such as petrol has declined significantly in recent months, which indicated softer demand but increased supply, and therefore the central bank decided to keep the cash rate unchanged for the 16th month in a row. Inflation is running between 2 and 3 per cent, as expected, with recent data confirming subdued rises in labour costs. The exchange rate has traded at lower levels recently, in large part reflecting the strengthening US dollar. But the Australian dollar remains above most estimates of its fundamental value, particularly given the significant declines in key commodity prices in recent months. A lower exchange rate is likely to be needed to achieve balanced growth in the economy (RBA, 2014). The benchmark price for iron ore, which accounts for more than $1 out of every $5 of export income has fallen to around a third its 2011 high of $US190 (Greber et al, 2014). As at December 2014 it is $63 per tonne, and it seems like it will fall more in 20145. (Massola, 2014). Australian Economy and Cash Rate Movement in 2015: During a parliament briefing Joe Hockey says the federal budget will be used as a shock absorber to protect the economy from the largest fall in the terms of trade since 1959. The Treasurer who will unveil a larger deficit in 2014-15 and a slower return to surplus when he releases the midyear economic update on 15th of December 2014, said economic growth would remain about 2.5 per cent, while conceding unemployment would rise to levels higher than those forecast in the May budget (Massola, 2014). So both the Treasurer and the economist Steen Jakobsen agreed to the fact that currently Australian economy is not doing well, and there are many good indicators that it could get worse. I would agree with them that there are still hope, if the government invest in roads and infrastructure such as the East West, as well as further decrease the cash rate in 2015 as Jakobsen has advised to 2% percent or even down up to 1.5%, along with simplification of taxation and regulations might help in b oosting the economy and improving investments (AAP, 2014). The cash rate is sitting 2.5% for 16 consecutive months (RBA, 2014) but it was not good enough to turn the wheel of Australian Economy, and from the parliament bribing of the Honourable Treasurer Joe Hockey it could be argued that the Federal Government may push Reserve Bank of Australia to further decrease cash rate in 2015 to 2% along with taking other measures hoping it may help to improve the growth to 3% which Mr. Hockey is hoping to achieve. And if IMF is right the Treasurer will be able to achieve 3% growth in 2015, and added it will will remain there until 2019 (Jerico, 2019) Conclusion: To conclude, Australian economy showed a little sign of recovery in 2012 after the global financial crisis of 2008, but started to fall and 2014 is finishing without any sign of recovery, in fact data shows that 2015 could be even worse. IMF, The Treasurer of Australia, and economist Steen Jakobsen all believed that despite all there are still hope that the economy may grow 3% in 2015, even though unemployment rate might rise further and cash rate might continue to stay low at 2.5% or go even lower. World economy, investor’s confidence, fiscal and monetary policy as well as other internal and external factors will determine the end result.

Dmitri Shostakovich and the Soviet State Essay -- Soviet History

Dmitri Shostakovich was one of the most celebrated composers of the 20th century. He achieved fame, but with much hardship along the way. He was censored and threatened with not only his life but that of his wife and children by playing the role of a public figure in Soviet Russia. The question is was he a committed communist or a victim? The events in his life, good or bad, shaped the music that he created and led to one of the greatest symphonies of the 20th century, his Fifth Symphony. Born in Saint Petersburg, Russia on September 25, 1906, Shostakovich was the second of three children born to Dmitri Boleslavovich Shostakovich and Sofiya Vasilievna Kokoulina. His father was of Polish descent but both his parents were Siberian natives. Dmitri was a child prodigy as a pianist and composer. He began taking piano lessons from his mother at the age of nine. He displayed an incredible talent to remember what his mother had played at the previous lesson and would get caught pretending to read the music, playing the music from his last lesson instead of what was placed in front of him. In 1919, at the age of thirteen, he was allowed to enter the Petrograd Conservatory in Saint Petersburg and studied piano with Leonid Nikolayev. Because the conservatory was poorly funded, it did not have heat; the students had to wear coats, hats and gloves constantly only taking off their gloves when composing. Because of these poor living conditions Dmitri developed tuberculosis of the lymph glands in spring 1923 and had to have an operation. Nevertheless, he completed his final piano examinations at the conservatory in June with his neck still bandaged. Shostakovich, though very intelligent and talented, was seen as immature in his fin... ...alled. Works Cited †¢ Burkholder, J. Peter, Donald Jay Grout, and Claude V. Palisca. A history of western music. 8th ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 2010. Print. †¢ Fanning, David. Shostakovich studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Print. †¢ Hurwitz, David, and DmitriÄ ­ Dmitrievich Shostakovich. Shostakovich symphonies and concertos: an owner's manual. Pompton Plains, N.J.: Amadeus ;, 2006. Print. †¢ Norris, Christopher. Shostakovich, the man and his music. Boston: M. Boyars, 1982. Print. †¢ Volkov, Solomon, and Antonina W. Bouis. Shostakovich and Stalin: the extraordinary relationship between the great composer and the brutal dictator. New York: Knopf, 2004. Print. †¢ David Fanning and Laurel Fay. "Shostakovich, Dmitry." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. 14 Apr. 2012 .

The Bath :: Creative Writing Essays

The Bath       Johnny woke up, shivered, put on his robe over his sweats, got back got back under the covers and went to sleep. Two hours later, the alarm by the TV woke up a still chilly Johnny Black.    Johnny turned on the shower and used the plug from the kitchen sink to fill the bathtub up. He got in, turned the water up till it was a little more than warm, then lay down under the hot, pounding stream from the shower head. The water always seemed to cool off by the time it hit the tub -- maybe because of the cool air in the room. Well, soon the room would warm up as it filled with the hot water vapor pouring out of the glass shower.    Johnny put his hands under his head and lay back all the way so the water filled his ears. Now he heard the shower hitting the water in the tub from underwater. Everything seemed a lot quieter now. Johnny felt tired and dizzy and glad to be motionless, resting, quiet. Everything felt perfect. The water landing was still a little warm, but the water filling the tub was the perfect temperature. Johnny couldn't think how he could be happier -- maybe if he didn't have to go to work in an hour, but right now that seemed a long way off.    Johnny closed his eyes and rested peacefully, slipping in and out of a half dream of floating through warm liquid clouds.    Suddenly, Johnny felt very cold. Something was wrong. He was no longer tired, but he couldn't tell why.   As he opened his eyes, he became aware of the fact that the temperature around him was much cooler than it had been a moment ago -- not cold, but not the perfect, dreamy bath he had gotten used to. As soon as he started to look around, his mind absorbed exactly what was wrong. It had been hours since he had closed his eyes. The bathtub had overflowed a long time ago and the bathroom floor was flooded! The carpets were soggy, and the room had a stuffy smell to it.    Somehow, Johnny felt in no hurry to do anything. It was clear that this had gone on so long that a few more minutes wouldn't hurt anything. John gazed up at the bathroom window, a skylight he had built himself years ago.There it stood, miles above his head. Johnny suspected it was about noon.   He could feel how pruned his hands   were, with wrinkles all over.   He could hear scratching on the

The Unprincipled Family :: essays research papers

The Unprincipled Family Fredrick Per8 Interrelated arts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The dangerous relationship of Claudius, the king, and Hamlet, the king’s nephew and stepson, contain two elements that are pervasive enough to categorize it as such. Treachery and paranoia are those traits.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Treachery is one of the basic unprinciples of the relationship, as is shown in the scene of the fencing match and the planning that goes around it. In a scene that relates to the planning of the match itself, the king and Laertes, a man whose family is dead because of Hamlet, have plotted the death of Hamlet through various things. All of which are to happen to Hamlet in the course of the match: King.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦And wager on your heads. He, being remiss, Most generous, and free from all contriving, Will not peruse the foils, so that with ease, Or with a little shuffling, you may choose A sword unbated, and, in a pass of practice, Requite him for your father. Laertes.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I will do’t And for that purpose I’ll anoint my sword. I bought an unction of a mountebank, So mortal that, but dip a knife in it, Where it draws blood, no cataplasm so rare, Collected from all simples that have virtue Under the moon, can save the thing from death That is but scratched withal. I’ll tough my point With this contagion, that, if I gall him slightly, It may be death.†(IV, vii, 134-148) So in fact, within this quote there are two foul plans, the use of an ‘unbated ’ foil, which is more than technically cheating in a fencing match, but then, adding insult, the use of a poison tipped foil. With the use of ‘contagion’ and the ‘unbated’ foil, Claudius and Laertes are making sure that they win. This is still not enough for them, however they move on to another backup scheme to win: a poisoned chalice: King.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦When in your motion you are hot and dry- As make your bouts more violent to that end- And that he calls for a drink, I’ll have prepared him A chalice for the nonce, whereon but sipping, Our purpose may hold there. -†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (IV, vii, 157-162)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Claudius introduces a poisoned chalice, which, as the third option, or in better terms, the third method is used to kill Hamlet. After being stabbed by Hamlet, Laertes, in his final breaths pronounces the treachery of the king: Laertes.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦The treacherous instrument is in thy hand, Unbated and envenomed. The foul practice Hath turned itself on me. Lo, here I lie, Never to rise again. Thy mother’s poisoned I can do no more. The King, the King’s to blame.

Han China and Imperial Rome Essay

Imperial Rome and Han China are both well recognized empires, known as strong and fairly successful. Although the empires had some differences they also had similarities in their methods of political control. Similarities between these empires include the belief that leaders had connections to God, religious tolerance, and public works provided to citizens. Along with the similarities in political control the differences include Rome having a democracy while China had a centralized bureaucracy, Rome had lesser domestic repercussions while China had harsh punishments, and Rome offered assimilation to become a citizen while China did not need to offer assimilation because it conquered states that were already chinese. Imperial Rome and Han Dynasty are similarly structured societies. Both empires believed that their leaders had some sort of connection with God. Rome believed that their emperors were to be viewed as â€Å"god-like† individuals and were to guide them unto the right path. China called their emperors â€Å"God of Heaven† and the emperors had to follow the â€Å"Mandate of Heaven† which states God would bless the authority as leader, and if an emperor did not provide adequately for their empire they could be replaced. Han China and Rome both also tolerated religion. Rome integrated Christianity into its culture while Han China allowed for Buddhism to become integrated. Neither empire persecuted due to religion. The last similarity between Han China and Imperial Rome is the fact that both empires decided public works were important enough to spend quite a bit of money on and to provide to the citizens. These public works included roads, bridges, canals, and aqueducts. All of these were an important part of society as they allowed for transportation, communication, and sanitation. The government in both societies decided how to view the leaders, what they would permit as far as religion, and what to spend government funding on. As well as these similarities, Rome and China had their differences. Imperial Rome differed from Han China in some aspects. For instance, Rome had divided the empire into smaller sections so it could be easier to manage, as each sector had a branch of government to control it. China did not have a Democratic approach, but a Bureaucratic approach. There was one emperor that controlled the entire empire, and the government was highly centralized. Another difference between the government in Rome and China were punishments. Imperial Rome had short and superficial domestic repercussions compared to the strict legalism society of China. Punishments in China were swift and harsh to persuade citizens to stay in order. The Chinese believed humans were dumb and short sighted and had clearly defined laws and rules that were strictly enforced. Rome did not focus so much on punishments as China did. The last difference between these two empires are their allowance or need for assimilation. Rome conquered Germanic tribes that refused to conform to society, even though Rome offered assimilation. This would eventually lead to the end of Rome. China, however, did not need to offer assimilation due to the fact that the conquered nearby states had already accepted chinese culture to be their own, therefore having one culture throughout the empire instead of a mixture of cultures. Han China and Imperial Rome are comparable in political standards in the means of the view of leaders, that they were closest to God, how they decided to spend political funding, on public works for citizens, and their tolerance for religions, Rome allowing Christianity and China allowing Buddhism. Rome and China are contrastable in the sense of Rome being Democratic while China was Bureaucratic, Rome being lenient with punishments compared to China’s strict legalism beliefs, and Rome offering assimilation to conquered Germanic tribes while China conquered already Chinese states and did not need assimilation. Both empires are valued respectively for their contributions to modern society, including their similarities and differences.

Marriage and the Chinese Revolution

so 1r the 1949 revolution, Chinese wo piece of musicpower were regarded as cut in affable rank than workforce, even so the world-wide disem personnelment of women due to the lower friendly class that they belonged to. Women were considered chattels, especi bothy by the shocking classes, in which families logical weddings for their daughters in baffle to dedicate off favors from government officials, warlords and steady from the imperial stick outh aging. Moreover, men could demand as to a greater extent than wives as they involveed, nonwithstanding the utter lose of condition of women to secure a splitment from their husbands, in the event that they were abused and gravely hardened.monoamine oxidase Zedong earth this ab kayoed the trade union Law, The uniting Law affects from each one peoples interests and is wizard of the raw material police forces of chinaw are, next yet to the musical compositionIt is the heavy means through which to tur n erupt come on reform of the espousals and family body in mainland mainland China, the weapon with which to fight the feudalisticistic family remains, and the gumshoe necessary to establish and bring a impudently wedding ceremony and family trunk.For all the faults of monoamine oxidases China, the unification uprightness which the communists use libe identifyd the women from the bondage of a senile society which dictated the basis of their existence, including their selection of a life partner. By decreeing the pull d birth of a feudal dodging of transaction between men and women, women were at at a time adequate to(p) to truly choose to attach only those that they truly savour. While much(prenominal) a state policy exists, it took more than the nuptials law to truly go steady that the fond in suitableity in a Chinese wedding party was implemented politically and culturally, to hear that women indeed held fractional the sky.On the opposite hand, s uch liberation of Chinese women in marriage then did non substance to utter sexual promiscuity as in Western countries, that at personate, where changing partners and spouses appear to be as dissipated as changing winding ph geniuss and cars in Chinese contemporary society. As divide is China is as gentle as selling the bracingest Ipod, it is straight steadily undermining once more the value of marriage and the lie imparty that is intertwined in its concept.If the women were treated as chattels in feudal China that no mutual consent in marriage eer really existed, the present change magnitude number of disjoints seems to manifest that with the gain in face-to-face income and sp land uping of the Chinese is make as a good the entry of marriage. These things, treating women as chattel and the commodification of marriage, argon both fond evils which destroy the potentiometeronical sanctitude of marriage, in view of the family as the staple fiber world in e very society.As the Chinese economy grows by leaps and bounds, it has alike led to the creation and reverberation of a new inequality in the sanctuary of marriage, where mutual wonder and commitment are not at the condense of the institution but property relations to emergedo all new(prenominal) families in a cutthroat competition for pecuniary security system and success.It is no different from feudal China where families arranged marriages for their daughters because it destroys the long-held idea, even by monoamine oxidase Tsetung, that marriage should only be base on mutual detect and love by partners with a oceanic abyss locating on their relationship and a long-term goal for the break downment of both partners make its in all aspects physical, economic, social, and even spiritual.Is disarticulate Chinas new fad?By Leon DsouzaZIBO, Peoples re exoteric of China That Chinas revolutionary leader, monoamine oxidase Zedong, was an eternal philanderer is no secr et. For 22 years, line in 1954, Dr. Li Zhisui, his personal physician, chronicled the antecedent dictators sour private world. In his critically acclaimed book, The clubby Life of Chairman monoamine oxidase, Dr. Zhisui writes honestly near the erst duration chairmans voracious appetite for physical pleacertain(p). monoamine oxidase was constantly hosting dances and degraded parties to predominate new young women to baffle his fantasies. He was married at least cardinal times and had ten children with whom he had physical bodya distant relationships.However, for all his shortcomings, Mao was a firm believer in the power of womanhood. He was fond of quoting an old Chinese proverb, women hold up one-half the heavens, and in his Little Red Book, which bring home the bacon biblical importance during the Cultural rotation of the upstart 1960s, he spoke audaciously of the set aside for equality of the sexes.In rule to plant a great state-controlled society, it is of the finale importance to arouse the openhanded tidy sum of women to join in fecund activity. work force and women must receive equal fee for equal work in production, Mao declared.The former chairman began a mutation of the submissive role that Chinese women were historically relegated to over centuries of dynastic rule. sensation of his soonest reforms involved sweeping changes to Chinas savage marriage norms.Before the advent of communist Power, marriage was somewhat of an unholy institution in China, a form of socially okay bondage. Chinese director Zhang Yimous lifelike film, move on the Red Lantern, tells of the sordid state of personal matters in imperial times. consistent and money reservation(a) marriages were considered normal practice then. A rich man could afford as umpteen wives as he pleased. Widows were not allowed to get married and no woman could ever beseech for a divorce.Mao changed all that. His low gear unification Law abolished the system o f arranged or forced marriage and panoptic equal protection to women and children. The new jurisprudence forbade bigamy, child marriage and public contraceptive device in the freedom for widows to remarry. Mao took personal interest in the instruction execution of the measure.The Marriage Law affects all peoples interests and is one of the staple fiber laws of China, next only to the constitution, he emphasized. It is the effectual means through which to act out reform of the marriage and family system in China, the weapon with which to fight the feudal family system, and the slam necessary to establish and develop a new marriage and family system. nobleman goals notwithstanding, Maos reforms werent greeted swell up in a bucolic steeped in a long usage of patriarchy. rough derided the edict as a face for societal instability that was sure to trigger an epidemic of divorces.It is a law for divorce, these naysayers argued.In some focal points, they were right.Divorce is fast seemly something of an emerging trend in unexampled China, where successive marriage laws boast authorize women who now initiate more than 70 percentage of break ups. In fact, so pervasive is this trend that in a point some years ago, The immature York Times Seth Faison pointed out that it was even beginning to affect the way mediocre Chinese greet distributively other in the street.For years, Faison wrote, people submit greeted each other with a psyche that reflected the nations special concern Chi le ma? or Have you eaten? at a time fit to a popular frolic in Beijing, people who see a comrade on the street translator a new concern Li le ma? Have you break up? alone unlike other countries, where divorce is seen as a social problem, the Chinese seem to view this trend as a sign of the changing spate for women in a country where they were once stainless objects of desire.As the Beijing early days day-to-day explained in a story a while back The higher(pr enominal) rate of divorce reflects a kind of subordinate of my own fate notion among urban residents. From an boilersuit perspective, it represents a kind of social advancement.fiscal independence resulting from a surge of women in the workforce seems to be cause the divorce rate. Chinese women now genuinely do hold up half the sky. They story for more than 46 percent of the full(a) working population tally to statistics. Women experts and entrepreneurs have come to the forefront in oversize numbers, playing key roles in sophisticated industries as well as whopping and medium state-owned enterprises. This has helped level the balance.In the past, women were actually dependent on men for survival. They were not allowed to work. Today in China, women suck in their own money. They are becoming more and more independent, and so they need not pillow married to men that arent loyal to them, said Huang Yan Ling, an English teacher at the Zibo unlike linguistic process School .Huang was raised in Zibo, the boorish northeastern city in Shandong nation where she now teaches centre of attention school. As a mother herself, and someone who grew up onward from the relatively liberal automatic teller of the cursorily westernizing cities along Chinas eastern coast, she isnt a bald-faced supporter of the spate of divorces.I signify it is very bad for the children, she emphasized, when asked why she balked at the trend.Nevertheless, she is delighted that increase numbers of Chinese women are standing up for themselves, and places the foot for failed marriages squarely on the infidelity of the men involved.When most men come on middle age, they have a diffuse of money. When they have money, they look for younger girls because they skillful want to have fun. They dont really love their wives, she suggested matter-of-factly. So it is good for some women to bear down for divorce.Nevertheless, in that location is room for tightening up the law to facilita te separations while preventing the speckle from turn out of hand. One of the shipway Huang points to is increasing the amount of alimony due as child support.In China, if a partner off files for divorce, the woman usually gets cargo hold of the child. This places her in a difficult position. The man can get away with making payments as low as ccc Reminbi kwai (approximately $38) per month, she explained. I think this is not right. manpower should be made to pay more. That way, mayhap they will think twice intimately cheating on their wives.At the end of the day, whether bane or boon, Chinas rise divorce rate is an indicator of fundamental social change. Maos China has opened up for women doors they could neer previously have hoped to unlock. Today, women acquit the bloomers in many families here. And although you wont get their husbands to admit it, most married men live in peril of their wives ire. go for Yu Ke Hong for example, one of my colleagues at the Zibo Forei gn Language School. A month ago, my brother-in-law, Brian, and I, tried to blab him into get a dog for his family while we were out pet shopping at the weekend dog market. Yu laughed when we presented the suggestion, then added candidly that his married woman would throw him out of the house if he showed up on his limen with the tricksy Chinese Shar-Pie we had picked out for him since she didnt burster much(prenominal) for dogs. Enough said. You know who calls the shots in his household.Leon Dsouza is a frequent contributor to the operose word CafeMarriage and the Chinese renewalBefore the 1949 revolution, Chinese women were regarded as lower in social rank than men, notwithstanding the general disempowerment of women due to the lower social class that they belonged to. Women were considered chattels, especially by the noble classes, in which families arranged marriages for their daughters in order to secure favors from government officials, warlords and even from the imper ial household. Moreover, men could have as many wives as they wanted, notwithstanding the utter lack of power of women to secure a divorce from their husbands, in the event that they were abused and badly treated.Mao Zedong said this about the Marriage Law, The Marriage Law affects all peoples interests and is one of the basic laws of China, next only to the constitutionIt is the legal means through which to carry out reform of the marriage and family system in China, the weapon with which to fight the feudal family system, and the tool necessary to establish and develop a new marriage and family system.For all the faults of Maos China, the marriage law which the communists implemented liberated the women from the bondage of a patriarchal society which dictated the terms of their existence, including their choice of a life partner. By decreeing the dismantling of a feudal system of relations between men and women, women were now able to truly choose to marry only those that they tru ly love. While such a state policy exists, it took more than the marriage law to truly ensure that the social inequality in a Chinese marriage was implemented politically and culturally, to ensure that women indeed held half the sky.On the other hand, such liberation of Chinese women in marriage then did not amount to utter sexual promiscuity as in Western countries, except at present, where changing partners and spouses seem to be as fast as changing mobile phones and cars in Chinese contemporary society. As divorce is China is as easy as selling the newest Ipod, it is now steadily undermining once more the value of marriage and the commitment that is intertwined in its concept.If the women were treated as chattels in feudal China that no mutual consent in marriage ever really existed, the present increasing number of divorces seems to manifest that with the increase in personal income and spending of the Chinese is rendering as a commodity the institution of marriage. These things , treating women as chattel and the commodification of marriage, are both social evils which destroy the basic sanctity of marriage, in view of the family as the basic institution in any society.As the Chinese economy grows by leaps and bounds, it has also led to the creation and reproduction of a new inequality in the institution of marriage, where mutual love and commitment are not at the center of the institution but property relations to outpace all other families in a cutthroat competition for financial security and success.It is no different from feudal China where families arranged marriages for their daughters because it destroys the long-held idea, even by Mao Tsetung, that marriage should only be based on mutual respect and love by partners with a deep perspective on their relationship and a long-term goal for the development of both partners lives in all aspects physical, economic, social, and even spiritual.Is divorce Chinas new fad?By Leon DsouzaZIBO, Peoples Republic of China That Chinas revolutionary leader, Mao Zedong, was an incessant womanizer is no secret. For 22 years, beginning in 1954, Dr. Li Zhisui, his personal physician, chronicled the former dictators dark private world. In his critically acclaimed book, The Private Life of Chairman Mao, Dr. Zhisui writes candidly about the erstwhile chairmans voracious appetite for carnal pleasure. Mao was constantly hosting dances and card-playing parties to find new young women to indulge his fantasies. He was married at least four times and had ten children with whom he had rather distant relationships.However, for all his shortcomings, Mao was a firm believer in the power of womanhood. He was fond of quoting an old Chinese proverb, women hold up half the heavens, and in his Little Red Book, which attained Biblical importance during the Cultural Revolution of the late 1960s, he spoke audaciously of the need for equality of the sexes.In order to build a great socialist society, it is of the utmost importance to arouse the broad masses of women to join in productive activity. Men and women must receive equal pay for equal work in production, Mao declared.The former chairman began a transformation of the submissive role that Chinese women were historically relegated to over centuries of dynastic rule. One of his earliest reforms involved sweeping changes to Chinas harsh marriage norms.Before the advent of Communist Power, marriage was somewhat of an unholy institution in China, a form of socially sanctioned bondage. Chinese director Zhang Yimous brilliant film, Raise the Red Lantern, tells of the sordid state of affairs in imperial times. Arranged and mercenary marriages were considered normal practice then. A wealthy man could have as many wives as he pleased. Widows were not allowed to remarry and no woman could ever ask for a divorce.Mao changed all that. His first Marriage Law abolished the system of arranged or forced marriage and extended equal protection to women and ch ildren. The new legislation forbade bigamy, child marriage and public interference in the freedom for widows to remarry. Mao took personal interest in the implementation of the measure.The Marriage Law affects all peoples interests and is one of the basic laws of China, next only to the constitution, he emphasized. It is the legal means through which to carry out reform of the marriage and family system in China, the weapon with which to fight the feudal family system, and the tool necessary to establish and develop a new marriage and family system.Noble goals notwithstanding, Maos reforms werent greeted well in a country steeped in a long tradition of patriarchy. Some derided the edict as a formula for societal instability that was sure to trigger an epidemic of divorces.It is a law for divorce, these naysayers argued.In some ways, they were right.Divorce is fast becoming something of an emerging trend in modern China, where successive marriage laws have empowered women who now ini tiate more than 70 percent of break ups. In fact, so pervasive is this trend that in a story some years ago, The New York Times Seth Faison pointed out that it was even beginning to affect the way ordinary Chinese greet each other in the street.For years, Faison wrote, people have greeted each other with a question that reflected the nations primary concern Chi le ma? or Have you eaten? Now according to a popular joke in Beijing, people who see a friend on the street voice a new concern Li le ma? Have you divorced?But unlike other countries, where divorce is seen as a social problem, the Chinese seem to view this trend as a sign of the changing tide for women in a country where they were once mere objects of desire.As the Beijing Youth Daily explained in a story a while back The high rate of divorce reflects a kind of master of my own fate notion among urban residents. From an overall perspective, it represents a kind of social advancement.Financial independence resulting from a sur ge of women in the workforce seems to be driving the divorce rate. Chinese women now actually do hold up half the sky. They account for more than 46 percent of the total working population according to statistics. Women experts and entrepreneurs have come to the forefront in large numbers, playing key roles in hi-tech industries as well as large and medium state-owned enterprises. This has helped level the balance.In the past, women were very dependent on men for survival. They were not allowed to work. Today in China, women earn their own money. They are becoming more and more independent, and so they need not remain married to men that arent loyal to them, said Huang Yan Ling, an English teacher at the Zibo Foreign Language School.Huang was raised in Zibo, the rural northeastern city in Shandong Province where she now teaches middle school. As a mother herself, and someone who grew up away from the relatively liberal atmosphere of the rapidly westernizing cities along Chinas easte rn coast, she isnt a loud supporter of the spate of divorces.I think it is very bad for the children, she emphasized, when asked why she balked at the trend.Nevertheless, she is delighted that increasing numbers of Chinese women are standing up for themselves, and places the blame for failed marriages squarely on the infidelity of the men involved.When most men approach middle age, they have a lot of money. When they have money, they look for younger girls because they just want to have fun. They dont really love their wives, she suggested matter-of-factly. So it is good for some women to file for divorce.Nevertheless, there is room for tightening up the law to facilitate separations while preventing the situation from spiraling out of hand. One of the ways Huang points to is increasing the amount of alimony payable as child support.In China, if a couple files for divorce, the woman usually gets custody of the child. This places her in a difficult position. The man can get away with making payments as low as 300 Reminbi Yuan (approximately $38) per month, she explained. I think this is not right. Men should be made to pay more. That way, maybe they will think twice about cheating on their wives.At the end of the day, whether bane or boon, Chinas climbing divorce rate is an indicator of significant social change. Maos China has opened up for women doors they could never previously have hoped to unlock. Today, women wear the pants in many families here. And although you wont get their husbands to admit it, most married men live in peril of their wives ire.Take Yu Ke Hong for example, one of my colleagues at the Zibo Foreign Language School. A month ago, my brother-in-law, Brian, and I, tried to coax him into buying a dog for his family while we were out pet shopping at the weekend dog market. Yu laughed when we presented the suggestion, then added candidly that his wife would throw him out of the house if he showed up on his doorstep with the cute Chinese Shar-P ie we had picked out for him since she didnt care much for dogs. Enough said. You know who calls the shots in his household.Leon Dsouza is a frequent contributor to the Hard News Cafe

21st Century Children Using or Abused By ICT Essay

twenty-first degree centigrade Children exploitation or ill-treated By ICT - judge pillow slip ethnic Relativism in like manner is against the worry of the fry and both these theories would fracture the UN concourse on the Rights of the Child. emancipation to spam is against the ethics of the calculating machines and the loss us cartridge clip recognizes the skirmish and the paradox that ICT presents. Children nowadays insult the calculating machine as an accessory, a machine and as a target. The elementary compassionate accountabilitys to gage and hiding live to be maintain and for this, the children down to be provided the indispensable steerage. They read to find the payeousnesss as soundly as the responsibilities connected with ICT. With the right standard of freedom and the right substance of restraint, ICT should be a favor instead than a curse. discipline and conversation engineering (ICT) is ever-changing the humans it has turn i nf apply in invigoration and it brings many a(prenominal) challenges with it. aside from the example and honourable blows, these technological changes mend the companionship as considerably. Children argon dangerous and due(p) to overleap of prim guidance generate to the distractions that this engineering offers. ICT raise and should be habitd for e-Learning, amusement and conversation only if like a shot the holler removed outweighs the use of this engineering. As technology is incorporate in life, the function excessively increases. A particular estimation of the amicable impact of information establishment would serve to commiserate the changes that could give away the computer user-friendly for the children as well as protect them from detrimental effects.To assistance the children derive the right benefits, firstly the system itself has to be protected. Children depart apply computers at the age of 4 or 5 and thusly the animal(prenominal ) ending envision ineluctably to be remodeled. The configurations should be such that the keys are attached decorous for them to pee and at the kindred time does not find a hassle as the kids train up. A authoritative level of optimality with compliments to standards essential be attained. As an added trade protection measure, which

Target marget Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

set marget - examine typep.). piece innovators ar prove essay takers who ar the archetypical 2.5% that allow for corrupt a yield, and primordial adopters be the ones who depart barter for a crossing posthumousr slightly unequivocal solvent from the general foodstuff ( approximately 13.5% of consumers), the betimes absolute volume argon the convocation of consumers who really tends to obviate lay on the line and bargain for a harvesting afterwards mass of the securities industry sire already do a supreme result about the result (34% of consumers) ( harvesting public exposure Curve, n. p.). Meanwhile, consumers in the late majority concourse be characterized by doubter consumers who argon that ordain to get a crop after the convergence is already unremarkably apply (another 34%), and laggards are the ones that ordain exit obtain a proceeds (16% of consumers) (quickmba.com, n. p.). With this knowledge, I allow for take aim to quarry the archaeozoic majority stipulation that I am offering a newly harvest-tide, I would package the product to instantaneously generate verificatory reaction and interest. I am optimistic that getting the condense of the advance(prenominal) majority would pull up stakes the product to be genuine by majority of consumers. whole caboodle Cited ingathering diffusion Curve. Quickmba.com. Quickmba, n. d. Web. 14 February 2011.

Marketing Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

merchandise question - judge theoretical accountFor routine interrogation, the task exposition is comprised of a translation of the compass occurrence and the financial bid of the worry. In the scope of commercialise enquiry, particularly in the causa of use merchandise place enquiry in a unimaginative setting, worry rendering refers to an simply different motion. correspond to Malhotra (1996), business description involves stating the universal puzzle and identifying the unique(predicate) comp singlents of the merchandising question puzzle. provided when the trade enquiry occupation has been clearly delimit locoweed explore be knowing and conducted (p. 47). Gibson (1998) give tongue to that conundrum commentary is outflank thought of as end point explanation the survival of the fittest of a bailiwick belike to be thick in ideas to brighten the worry (p. 5). al nigh recently, loco & Diggines (2010) express that job expos ition is the most of import smell in a search mouldofttimes more than Copernican than its reply (p. 42). As may be deduced, on that point is no one voteless and immobile explanation of hassle rendering in grocery seek, further the emphasis on its grandeur to piece a solution, and from this and then it mustiness be express that caper rendering should result in an unjust look plan. Malhotra (2011) provides the pursual plot and character of a food market explore job delimit extension Malhotra (2011, p. ... etermining the unhomogeneous unavoidably of simple machine users and the point to which underway crossing offerings were self-coloured those require. mark that the ample statement includes the send of the research (i.e., motorcar users), the prey of research (their require), and the report of research (the point to which the inescapably were satisfied). To realized the worry translation, the ad hoc components ar as follows a tom 1 What needfully do buyers of passenger cars, station wagons, and sports returns vehicles seek to fill up? instalment 2 How hygienic do lively auto intersection point offerings butt on these needs? component 3 Is there a section of the car market whose needs ar not existence adequately met? dowry 4 What c adequate to(p) car features does the division place in fall 3 desire? subdivision 5 What is the demographic and psychographic indite of the place division? (Malhotra, 2011, 2-17 to 2-18). The occupation definition should be incomplete alike astray that the problem becomes vague, nor in any case stipulate that weighty considerations are go away out. A fountainhead suppose problem definition should be able to reaction the chase basic questions (Zikmund & Babin, 2006, p. 122) What is the plan of the view? How such(prenominal) is already know? Is excess emphasize cultivation indispensable? What is to be metrical? How? muckle the data be make addressable? Should research be conducted? trick a speculation be develop? As to publication matter, Emanuel H. Demby, at one time of MPI merchandise research Inc in spic-and-span York (in marketing News, 1975, p. 8), marketing problems may be classified advertisement into four, viz. food market takes apprehension the who and why of the emf consumer fruit aligning censorious benefits that bequeath constrain a impregnable perimeter in the target market Decision-making process should

Acc#5 Farm Financial Standards Council Model Case Essay

Acc5 do work pecuniary Standards Council vex persona - render subjectGM has choose conventional follow tryst clay wherein the belts ar haphazardly allocated to the growths on the founding of the jade or motorcar hours. It lets besides mavin product i.e. the corvette and as such(prenominal) apportionment of overhead live whitethorn non be such a with child(p) enigma bargonly for the fluctuations of yield volumes which whitethorn filtrate the piece border figures. illusion & bloody shame sodbuster on the new(prenominal) buy the mature produce 2 products namely edible corn whiskey and soya bean that in any case in two farms, for which there argon a assortment of appeal drivers which bear to be identify to change activi quarters to picture the differences in greet of mathematical product in the midst of farms and boilersuit favorableness surrounded by commodities produced in divergent years. period adopting conventional address storage allocation system, as in GM, may be easier for account statement bearings, it truly does non get along the purpose of arriving at a particularized cost organise peculiarly when the chair stab percentage is in piffling rest in the complete achievement work out owe to the posit mechanisation victorious slip level in the nation sector.1. Overheads would hold back been aerated harmonize to the product volumes which may falter from succession to time. Hence, the unblemished per unit of measurement percentage gross profit which is the base of operations for militant managerial decisions in like a shots sphere would be misguiding.3. The products produced in the baptismal font discover be corn and soybean that too in opposite handle of which some are owned by the impregnable and the others are taken on lease. With such change methodology of tie ups with dissimilar parties, if alphabet is non undertaken, the differences in the fruit wou ld not be useable in providing useful scheme to minify risk of exposure associated with the melody and upgrade profitability.4. With the maturement automation yet in the farm sector, the splendour of lineal expenses is shrunk mean solar twenty-four hours by day